Zahana’s
Malaria Prevention Efforts
Malaria is a good example of how the needs of the community can be addressed
as Zahana starts working with the villagers of Fiadanana.
Malaria is the second most common preventable disease in Fiadanana.
Diarrhea is still the single most common cause of illness,
especially affecting children, but
this issue is being addressed by the villagers as they build their
own permanent clean water system.
Malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) is a seasonal disease that affects
many parts of Madagascar every year. Much like the winter flu season
in the
West, Malaria appears as the winter season ends each year. Many doctors
in Madagascar are still using Chloroquine as the standard drug of choice.
Like in other parts of Africa, Chloroquine resistance has unfortunately
become commonplace in Madagascar, rendering it rather ineffective.
The Ministry of Health and WHO now recommend using Artemisine instead
(for
three days), but it is very expensive and forces many people to fall
back on the well-known Chloroquine. Children under 5 years of age and
pregnant
women are supposed to get free treatment, but for many people in the
countryside this service is not accessible or available.
In January of 2006 the villagers approached Zahana to provide them
with medication for this year’s Malaria season. While medication is a
good immediate stopgap measure for the individuals affected, it is merely
a band-aid for systemic health problem. To implement a proactive prevention
approach Zahana has acquired mosquito nets (‘bednets’ as
they are called in Madagascar) to be distributed to the villagers.
It is one of the challenges of the Malagasy reality that when Malaria
season comes around mosquito nets are is short supply and can only
be purchased
in the parallel market at highly inflated prices. Through clever
diplomacy Zahana was able not only to secure mosquito nets, but buy
them at a
subsidized rate for a fraction of the cost of the ‘open’ market.
In the last site visit to Fiadanana in June 2006 Zahana representatives
were able to deliver 118 mosquito nets to the community. Transportation
costs are exorbitant in Madagascar and taking them ‘along’ during
a site visit was the most cost effective option. A workshop in the
proper use and treatment of the mosquito nets was held during the
distribution to the community.
The distribution
of 118 mosquito nets were given out based on with the following priorities
set by the villager’s community consensus:
• Priority was given to pregnant women
• Mothers with children under 3 years of age
• Mothers with children under 5 years of age
• Older mothers
•
Zahana women’s group
Most families in Fiadanana only have one bed in their houses that is
shared by the entire family at night. Providing a mosquito net for
basically every
household is therefore a culturally appropriate approach to Malaria
prevention and in sync with international Malaria prevention guidelines.
Mosquito nets are a new technology for Fiadanana. They have been introduced
in the hope that the villagers will experience the benefits of mosquito
nets first hand as the rate of Malaria drops significantly in the next
few months. The families will treat them as a prized possession and
with time, when this technology gets adopted, Zahana plans to help
provide enough
mosquito nets for every child, woman and man in the village. Mosquito
nets will need to be treated with insect repellent every six months
to remain
effective and may need to be replaced every two to three years. Once
the benefits of the mosquito nets have been accepted and adopted the
additional
steps of retreating and replacing them can be taught and become common
practice over the years.
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